|
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fishing sometimes takes place in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping. The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate. According to FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million. Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.〔(Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate ) Policy brief of the FAO for the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen, December 2009.〕 In 2005, the worldwide per capita consumption of fish captured from wild fisheries was 14.4 kilograms, with an additional 7.4 kilograms harvested from fish farms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fisheries and Aquaculture )〕 In addition to providing food, modern fishing is also a recreational pastime. == History == Fishing is an ancient practice that dates back to at least the beginning of the Paleolithic period about 40,000 years ago.〔(African Bone Tools Dispute Key Idea About Human Evolution ) National Geographic News article.〕 Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.〔Yaowu Hu Y, Hong Shang H, Haowen Tong H, Olaf Nehlich O, Wu Liu W, Zhao C, Yu J, Wang C, Trinkaus E and Richards M (2009) ("Stable isotope dietary analysis of the Tianyuan 1 early modern human" ) ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', 106 (27) 10971-10974.〕〔(First direct evidence of substantial fish consumption by early modern humans in China ) ''PhysOrg.com'', 6 July 2009.〕 Archaeology features such as shell middens,〔(Coastal Shell Middens and Agricultural Origins in Atlantic Europe ).〕 discarded fish bones, and cave paintings show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities. During this period, most people lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and were, of necessity, constantly on the move. However, where there are early examples of permanent settlements (though not necessarily permanently occupied) such as those at Lepenski Vir, they are almost always associated with fishing as a major source of food. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fishing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|